T&D and AT&C Loss Comparison – KE vs. XWDISCOs

Despite operating in a significantly more challenging operational environment, KE’s operational improvements including T&D and AT&C losses have outperformed state-owned DISCOs

T&D Losses 2009

KE
LESCO
GEPCO
MEPCO
FESCO
IESCO
HESCO/SEPCO
PESCO
QESCO

AT&C Losses 2009

KE
LESCO
GEPCO
MEPCO
FESCO
IESCO
HESCO/SEPCO
PESCO
QESCO

T&D Losses 2019

KE
-16.8 pp
LESCO
+0.4 pp
GEPCO
+0.5 pp
MEPCO
+0.7 pp
FESCO
+0.7 pp
IESCO
+1.2 pp
HESCO/SEPCO
+1.3 pp
PESCO
+5.9 pp
QESCO
+9.3 pp

AT&C Losses 2019

KE
-18.1 pp
LESCO
-1.2 pp
GEPCO
-1.1 pp
MEPCO
-2.3 pp
FESCO
-1.2 pp
IESCO
+9.3 pp
HESCO/SEPCO
+0.2 pp
PESCO
-8.2 pp
QESCO
+0.9 pp

During the last 10 years, KE is the most improved distribution company in the country




Had KE not been privatized and shown improvements in AT&C loss only similar to XWDISCOs (c. 2%) in last 10 years – would have cost the economy c. PKR 50 Billion annually




Estimated impact of privatization of XWDISCOs and assuming similar improvements as KE – c. PKR 300 Billion annually

Source: State of Industry Reports

1. Improvement in AT&C losses of DISCOs (c. 2%) x Sentout FY 19 x Average Tariff      2. Improvement in AT&C loss of KE since privatization (c. 11%) x Sentout FY 19 x Average Tariff

KE’s Operational Improvements vs. IESCO & FESCO

Through significantly higher investments, KE’s operational improvements have outpaced IESCO and FESCO

Investment 2016 - 2019
(PKR Billion)

IESCO
FESCO
KE

T&D Loss Improvement
(2015 - 2019)

IESCO
FESCO
KE

AT&C Loss Improvement
(2015 - 2019)

IESCO
FESCO
KE

Feeders Added 2015 -2019
(Nos.)

IESCO
FESCO
KE

Increase in 11kV Length
(2015 - 2019)

IESCO
FESCO
KE

Reduction in Feeder Overloading
(2015 – 2019)

IESCO
FESCO
KE

Source: State of Industry Reports, Financial Statements

Continued Financial Losses of XWDISCOs

Due to lack of cost reflective tariff and other structural issues dominant in the sector, even good performing DISCOs have remained in losses – GoP’s heavy reliance on commercial banks, resulting in continuous accumulation in loans parked with Power Holding Private Limited (PHPL)





Cumulative losses of XWDISCOs in the last three years have been over PKR 350 Billion

IESCO (PKR 55 Billion)


FESCO (PKR 73 Billion)


MEPCO (PKR 79 Billion)


Financial Losses of XWDISCOs have resulted in continuous increase in loans parked with PHPL

PKR Billion


  • Based on available data, 7 out of 10 state-owned DISCOs reported losses in 2018 and therefore are not able to honor their obligations

  • GoP has to borrow on behalf of these DISCOs to keep their operations afloat

  • Government has to borrow from commercial banks, typically 5 to 7 years at KIBOR + 2%

  • Servicing of PHPL loans is party made through surcharge in tariff – impact of c. PKR 40 Billion annually

  • Further contributes to the issue of circular debt, thus putting sustainability of the sector at risk

Source: Financial Statements of DSCOs, Circular Debt Report 2018, IMF

Circular Debt – Sector Sustainability at Risk

Circular debt has clogged capacity and stifled liquidity in the power sector – as a result of continuous accumulation, power sector’s circular debt is now around PKR 1.9 Trillion


Driven by continuous accumulation, circular debt stands at c. PKR 1.9 Trillion – putting sector sustainability and the overall economy at risk


KE is in a net receivables position and has no contribution towards circular debt

  • High Capacity Costs, Lack of Integrated Planning & Policy Misalignment




  • Regulatory Gaps & Need for Cost Reflective Tariff Setting




  • Operational inefficiencies & Governance issues in state-owned entities




  • Accumulation of Receivables from Government Entities / Departments

Source: News Reports (Express Tribune)

KE’s Returns Significantly Lower than IPPs

KE’s average return on equity has remained well below other private industry players in the generation segment, mainly due to unreasonable tariff setting for distribution business




Being vertically integrated and not having any sovereign guarantee, KE’s risk profile is much higher, however, KE’s returns are significantly lower than IPPs

KE’s average Return on Equity in the last 10 years has been around 5%, whereas, other private entities made returns between 26% to 37%. All profits earned since 2012 have been reinvested into the business by KE

Source: Financial Statements; KE’s RoE includes revaluation surplus and excludes losses

Impact of Rupee Devaluation on Investor Returns

Due to significant rupee devaluation since privatization, KE’s equity has eroded by almost 43% since privatization



Equity Value (USD Millions)



  • KE’s risk profile is significantly higher thanIPPs


  • However, KE’s average RoE (USD based) since privatization has been around negative 3%1, whereas IPPs are allowed guaranteed 15% to 17% USD based returns


  • Further, unlike IPPs, KE has reinvested all the profits earned since 2012

Note: Equity value includes reinvestment of profits      (1) Excluding revaluation surplus